Cycadopsida (Cycases)

Cycads /ˈsaɪkædz/ are seed plants typically characterized by a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard and stiff, evergreen leaves. They usually have pinnate leaves. The individual plants are either all male or all female (dioecious). Cycads vary in size from having a trunk that is only a few centimeters tall to trunks up to several meters tall. They typically grow very slowly and live very long, with some specimens known to be as much as 1,000 years old. Because of their superficial resemblance, they are sometimes confused with and mistaken for palms or ferns, but are only distantly related to either. Cycads are found across much of the subtropical and tropical parts of the world. They are found in South and Central America (where the greatest diversity occurs), Mexico, the Antilles, southeastern United States, Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Japan, China, Southeast Asia, India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and southern and tropical Africa, where at least 65 species occur. Some can survive in harsh semidesert climates (xerophytic), others in wet rain forest conditions, and some in both.[citation needed] Some can grow in sand or even on rock, some in oxygen-poor swampy bog-like soils rich in organic material, and some in both.[citation needed] Some are able to grow in full sun, some in full shade, and some in both.[citation needed] Some are salt tolerant (halophytes). Cycads belong to the biological division Cycadophyta. There are three extant families of cycads, Cycadaceae, Stangeriaceae, and Zamiaceae. Though they are a minor component of the plant kingdom today, during the Jurassic period they were extremely common. They have changed little since the Jurassic, compared to some major evolutionary changes in other plant divisions.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycad

Alethopteris bohemica	Šimůnek (1989), Pl. I, fig. 2	YA1275
Alethopteris bohemica	Šimůnek (2022), PL. 1, Fig. 7	ZŠ879
Alethopteris bohemica	Šimůnek (1989), Pl. II, fig. 3.	YA1283
Alethopteris davreuxii	Šimůnek (1996a), Pl. I, fig. 9	ZŠ1
Alethopteris decurrens	Šimůnek (1996a), Pl. III, fig. 2	ZŠ3
Alethopteris decurrens	Šimůnek (1996a), Pl. III, fig. 1	ZŠ2
Alethopteris distantinervosa (Wagner, 1968)	Šimůnek (1988): Pl. III, fig. 1; Šim.-Cleal (2002) Fig. 2e,f; in prep. Šimůnek (2020)fig. 4A	ZŠ850
Alethopteris grandini	Šimůnek (1996a), Pl. IV, fig. 6	ZŠ5
Alethopteris grandini	Šimůnek (1996a), Pl. IV, fig. 7	ZŠ6
Alethopteris grandini	Šimůnek (1996a), Pl. IV, fig. 4	ZŠ4
Alethopteris grandinioides	AD, Šimůnek (1988)	YA1385
Alethopteris jongmanii	Šimůnek (1996a), Pl. VIII, fig. 2	ZŠ8
Alethopteris lancifolia	Šimůnek (1996a), Pl. IX, fig. 6	ZŠ9
Alethopteris leonensis		ZŠ512
Alethopteris lonchitica		ZŠ799
Alethopteris lonchitica		ZŠ790
Alethopteris lonchitica		ZŠ788
Alethopteris lonchitica		ZŠ845
Alethopteris lonchitica	in prep. Šimůnek (2020)fig. 4C	ZŠ848
Alethopteris obligua		ZŠ511

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Virtual museum of the Czech Geological Survey, www.geology.cz, (C) Czech Geological Survey, 2011, v.0.99 [13.12.2011]