Gymnosperms

The gymnosperms are a group of seed-bearing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and Gnetales. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek word gymnospermos (γυμνόσπερμος), meaning "naked seeds", after the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized state). Their naked condition stands in contrast to the seeds or ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed during pollination. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scale- or leaf-like appendages of cones, or at the end of short stalks (Ginkgo). The gymnosperms and angiosperms together comprise the spermatophytes or seed plants. By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by cycads, Gnetales (Gnetophyta, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and Ginkgo (a single living species).

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnosperms

Aulacotheca idae Šimůnek&Drábková		ZŠ501
Aulacotheca Halle, 1933		ZŠ503
Autunia conferta	Šimůnek et al. (2022) Fig. 2	ZŠ911
Autunia conferta		ZŠ194
Autunia conferta		ZŠ868
Autunia conferta	Šimůnek (2022), PL. 7, Fig. 3	ZŠ894
Autunia conferta		ZŠ189
Autunia conferta	Šimůnek at al. (2017), Pl. 2, fig.5	ZŠ631
Autunia naumannii		ZŠ685
Autunia naumannii		ZŠ686
Autunia naumannii	Šimůnek et al. (2017), Pl. 3, fig. 1	ZŠ638
Callipteridium armasii (Zeiller)	Šimůnek (2008)Pl. 16, fig. 4; Šimůnek, Cleal (2020) fig. 2A ?	ZŠ320
Callipteridium jongmansii		ZŠ876
Cardiocarpus emarginatum Bret		WA173
Cardiocarpus	Šimůnek et al. (2017), Pl. 5, fig. 6	ZŠ671
Cardiocarpus		ZŠ737
Cardiocarpus		ZŠ736
Cardiocarpus		ZŠ720
Cardiocarpus		ZŠ722
Cardiocarpus		ZŠ745

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Virtual museum of the Czech Geological Survey, cgs.gov.cz, (C) Czech Geological Survey, 2011, v.1.01 [29.09.2025]